Metoclopramide is a prescription medication for dogs that can treat nausea, vomiting, and regurgitation. It’s been used for decades in veterinary medicine to manage gastrointestinal conditions such as acid reflux and megaesophagus.
Here’s what to expect if your veterinarian prescribes metoclopramide for your dog, including uses, side effects, dosage, and what to watch out for when your dog is on the medication.
What is Metoclopramide for Dogs?
Metoclopramide (Reglan) is a prescription medication for dogs that stimulates the motility of the upper gastrointestinal tract, including the stomach and esophagus. It’s primarily used to treat nausea and vomiting in dogs.
Metoclopramide impacts both the upper gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system (CNS). It works in the upper GI tract by stimulating motility—the movement of food and liquids through the GI tract—but it doesn’t alter the lower GI tract. In addition, metoclopramide can cross the blood-brain barrier to block dopamine uptake associated with nausea and vomiting.
How is Metoclopramide Used in Dogs?
Metoclopramide is used to treat a few different conditions in dogs:
Side Effects of Metoclopramide in Dogs
Most dogs respond well to metoclopramide, but side effects occur in some cases. Because this medication crosses the blood-brain barrier, it can also affect the central nervous system. Potential side effects of metoclopramide include:
- Hyperactivity
- Sedation or drowsiness
- Depression
- Muscle spasms or involuntary movements
- Diarrhea
- Nausea
- High blood pressure
Contact your veterinarian if you notice these side effects or other signs of illness while your dog is on metoclopramide. It’s also important to notify your vet if your dog continues to vomit while taking this medication.
Metoclopramide Dosage for Dogs
Metoclopramide is given orally as a pill or syrup. It’s also available in an injectable form, which is used in veterinary facilities. Oral doses can be given with or without food, but it typically works best when given about 20 minutes before a meal. Metoclopramide typically takes effect about 30 to 60 minutes after dosage.
The recommended dosage of metoclopramide for dogs varies depending on the reason for treatment. Dogs are typically dosed between 0.2 to 0.5 milligrams per kilogram of body mass every 8 hours. Your veterinarian will determine the best dose based on your dog’s weight and current condition.
Can Dogs Overdose on Metoclopramide?
While it’s possible for a dog to overdose on metoclopramide, it would take an extreme amount to be fatal (hundreds of pills). Overdose typically causes more severe side effects to occur.
If you accidentally give your dog an extra dose of metoclopramide, monitor your dog for side effects. You can resume the normal dosing schedule if your dog is acting normally. However, contact your vet immediately if your dog gets into a whole bottle of pills. You may be instructed to make your dog throw up or seek emergency veterinary care.
Metoclopramide Warnings and Precautions
Metoclopramide should not be used in dogs with obstructions, injuries, or bleeding in the GI tract. It should also be avoided in dogs with a history of seizures or head trauma. Though the medication can be given to pregnant or nursing dogs, it should be used cautiously. In addition, caution must be used in dogs with kidney disorders.
In most cases, metoclopramide is used for short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting. If your veterinarian prescribes it for long-term use, they may recommend regular monitoring in the form of lab work and examinations.
There are several potential drug interactions with metoclopramide, so be sure to tell your vet about all medications and supplements that you give to your dog.
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